Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disorder are the conditions that affect the structures or function of the heart. It is the group of disorders of heart and blood vessels. They include, 

Coronary heart disease - this term is used for all the heart disorders. Its the disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle.

Congenital heart disease - Heart diseases caused during the birth time due to unavoidable genetic factors.

Hypertension - There may be several causes of hypertension like high blood pressure due to tension, anxiety, consfusion, fatigue, headache, obesity, etc.

Congestive heart failure - It is a condition that may result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill up or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body.

Symptoms

• pain or pressure in the chest
• pain or pressure in the arms, left shoulder, elbos, jaw or back
• shortness of breath
• nausea and fatigue
• headache and dizziness

Causes

• Damage to the circulatory system can also result from diabetes and other health conditions, such as a virus, an inflammatory process such as myocarditis, or a structural problem present from birth (congenital heart disease).

• CVD often results from high blood pressure, which produces no symptoms. It is therefore vital that people undergo regular screening for high blood pressure.

   

Treatment / Prevention

• Reducing the usage of tobacco and alcohol
• Eating fresh fruits and vegetables
• Reducing salt, sugar and saturated fat intake
• Avoiding sedantary life style

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Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the decreased ability or complete inability of the tissues to utilize carbohydrates, accompanied by changes in the metabolism of fat, protein, water and electrolytes. The disorder is due to a deficiency or diminished effectiveness of the harmone insulin. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the decreased ability or complete inability of the tissues to utilize carbohydrates, accompanied by changes in the metabolism of fat, protein, water and electrolytes. The disorder is due to a deficiency or diminished effectiveness of the harmone insulin.
 

Types of diabetes

1. Insulin – dependent diabetes mellitus.
2. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
3. Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus.

Symptoms :

1. Increased appetite
2. Weight loss
3. Frequent urination
4. Blurry vision
5. Sores that don’t heal

Treatment :

1. More carbohydrates must be given as complex rather than simple sugars as they breakdown more slowly to release glucose
2. The foods which are in higher scale of glycemic index should not be encouraged in the diet.
3. Insulin therapy with multiple injections of soluble insulin may be needed.
4. A therapeutic diet plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. The diet plan is based on the height, weight, age, sex, physical activity and the type of diabetes.

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Crohn`s disease

Crohan’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. It is a disease that cause swelling in the intestines. Because the symptoms of Crohn’s disease are similar to other intestinal disorders. Experts think bacteria in your digestive tract can mistakenly trigger your immune system. This immune system response causes inflammation, leading to symptoms of crohn’s disease.

Symptoms :

1. The most common symptoms of Crohn’s disease are abdominal pain, often in the lower right area and diahrrea.
2. Rectal bleeding, weight loss and fever may also occur.
3. The pain is commonly cramp like and may be relieved by defecation.
4. Feeling as if your bowels aren’t empty after a bowel movement.

Causes :

1. The exact cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown. However, genetic and environmental factors have been invoked in the pathogenesis of the disease.
2. Abonormalities in the immune system have often been invoked as being causes of crohn;s disease.

Treatment:

1. Treatment for Crohn’s disease depends on the location and severity of disease, complications and response to previous treatment.
2. Treatment may include drugs, nutrition supplements, surgery or a combination of these options.
3. Someone with Crohn’s disease may need medical care for a long time.
4. Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

GD - Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon, but it may affect the entire colon. Ulverative colitis  rarely affects the small intestine except for the end section, called the terminal ileum. Ulcerative colitis may also be called colitis or proctitis. Ulcers form in places where the inflammation has killed the cells lining the colon, the ulcers bleed and produce pus.

Symptoms :

1. Abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea
2. Fatige
3. Weight loss
4. Urgency to defecate
5. Loss of appetite.
6. Frequent fever.

Causes:

1. The exact cause of ulcerative colitis remains unknown. The most popular theory among many is that the body’s immune system reacts to a virus or bacterium by causing ongoing inflammation in the intestinal wall.
2. Ulcerative colitis is not caused by emotional distress or sensitivity to certain foods or food products, but these factors may trigger symptoms in some people.

Treatment :

1. Most people are treated with medication. In severe cases, a patient may need surgery to remove the diseased colon. Surgery is the only cure for ulcerative colitis.
2. Each person may experience ulcerative colitis differently, so treatment is adjusted for each individual. Emotional and psychological support is important.
3. The patient may need a special diet for the recovery.
4. Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

GD - Peptic Ulcer

A peptic ulcer is any localized erosion of the mucosal lining of those portions of the alimentary tract that come in contact with acidic gastric juice. Mostly ulcers are found in the stomach, jejunum (gastric ulcers – occurs inside the stomach) and in duodenum (duodenal ulcers-occurs inside the small intestine) above the point of entry of alkaline pancreatic juices. Peptic ulcer disease is an ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful.

Symptoms :

1. Abdominal pain
2. Bloating and abdominal fullness
3. Water brash
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Hematemesis (vomiting of blood)
6. Melena
7. Loss of appetite and weight loss.

Causes:

1. People who have a history of ulcer in the family as a genetic trait.
2. Irregular food habits
3. Excessive consumption of chemical and thermal irritants.
4. A bacterium called Helicobacter pylori impairs mucosal defence making it more susceptible to ulceration.

Treatment :

1. Antiacids and inhibiors of astric acid secretion are tow main drugs used to aid the disease.
2. Diets should be free from chemical and thermal irritants.
3. The patients suffering from peptic ulcer need lot of rest and care.
4. The bowel movement should be reduced
5. Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

GD - Constipation

Constipation may be defined as the retention of faeces in colon beyond the normal time of empting time. People who are constipated find it painful to have a bowel movement and often experience straining, bloating and the sensation of a full bowel. Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Almost everyone experiences constipation at some point in their life, and a poor diet typically is the cause. Most constipation is temporary and not serious.

Symptoms :

1. General malaise
2. Headache
3. Coated tongue
4. Foul breath
5. Lack of appetite

Causes:

1. Poor personal hygiene
2. Irregular intake of meals
3. Inadequate intake of fluide
4. Emotional disturbances like tension, depression, anxiety or excitement
5. Lack of exercise.

Treatment:

1. Develop a regular habit of ecavuation
2. Exercise high fibre diet
3. Ensure adequate intake of fluids.
4. Exercise regularly
5. Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

Chronic diarrhea

Chronic diarrhea persists for a longer time, even several weeks and the patient may pass 4-5 unformed stools in a day. The rapid passage of food through the intestines does not allow sufficient time for the absorption of other nutrients and thus nutritional deficiency may occur.

Symptoms :

1. Dehydration
2. Blood, mucus or undigested food in the stool.
3. Weight loss
4. Fever

Causes :

1. Malabsorption syndroms like celiac disease and lactose intolerance
2. Metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, uremia
3. Alcohol abuse
4. Diseases of the intestine (such as Crohan’s disease or ulcerative colitis)

Treatment :

1. Hydrating the body is essential to recovering from diarrhea.
2. Eating a recovery diet.
3. Avoiding certain food.
4. Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.

GD -Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea is a condition in which a person suffers from loose watery stools.  Diarrhoea is generally not a disease by itself but a symptom of an underlying functional or organic disease. Most cases of diarrhoea are due to bacterial, viruses or parasites.

Acute diarrhoea : Acute diarrhea is characterized by sudden onset and frequent passage of watery stools. the patient may even pass several stools in an hour.

Symptoms :

1. Abdominal bloating or cramps
2. Thin or loose stools
3. Watery stool
4. sense of urgency to have a bowel movement
5. Nausea or vomiting

Causes:

1. Bacterial and parasitic infection leading to gastro-intestinal infection through contaminated water.
2. Food allergy or sensitivity towards a specific food and faulty feeding practices.
3. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and deficiency of vitamins
4. Food poisoning
5. Psychological factors like anxiety, tension etc
6. Reaction to medicines.

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Hernia

 Hernia is a protrusion of a tissue, or part of an organ through the uscular tissue or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernias occur when one part of the body protrudes through a gap or opening into another part. Many Hernias occur in the abdomen between your chest and hips, but they can also appear in the upper thigh and groin areas. Another common hernia involves the intervertebral disc and causes pack pain or sciatica.

Symptoms : 

1. Most small hiatal hernias cause no problems. But larger hernias may cause heartburn, belching or chest pain when stomach acids back up into your food pipe. These signs and symptoms tend to become worse when you lean forward, strain, life heavy objects or lie down, and they can also worsen during pregnancy.
2. In rare cases, the part of your stomach that protrudes into your chest cavity may become twisted or have its blood supply cut off.
3. Severe chest pain.
4. Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia)
5. Obstruction of your oesophagus.

Causes:

1. Hiatel hernia occur when the muscle tissue surround the opning in the diaphragm becomes weak and the upper of your stomach bulges through the diaphragm into your chest cavity.
2. Anything that puts intense pressure on your abdomen - including coughing or vomiting, pregnancy, straining while going to the bathroom or lifting heavy objects.
3. A hiatal hernia can also cause heartburn if the herniated portion of your stomach becomes a reservoir for gastric acid, which can then easily travel up your esophagus.

Treatment :

1. Most abdominal hernias can be surgically repaird and recovery rarely requires long-term changes in lifestyle.
2. Eat small meals, Large meals can distend your stomach, pushing it into your chest.
3. Avoid alcohol, caffeinated drinks, chocolate, onions, spicy food, spearmint and peppermint, all of which increase production of stomach acid and relax the lower esophageal sphincter.
4. Limit fatty foods
5. Don’t exercise immediate after eating.

Lose weight. If you are over weight, slimmering down helps reduce the pressure on your stomach

Click here for more guidelines and diet plan.